INKQUBO YOKUSAKALISA IMALI (UKULAHLEKISWA WAX).
Inqubo yokufaka utshalomali iyindlela eyongayo yokukhiqiza izingxenye zensimbi ezinokunemba okuhle kakhulu kobukhulu kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo, ukunciphisa noma ukususa cishe imisebenzi eyengeziwe yokwenza imishini.Ingenye yezinqubo zakudala ezaziwayo ze-Foundry.Ubufakazi bemivubukulo ezindaweni ezihlukene zomhlaba bubonisa ukuthi inqubo yokutshala izimali yaqala ngeNkathi Yethusi, cishe iminyaka engu-4,000 BC.Kuyinqubo yezimboni enezinhlelo zokulawula ezicolisisiwe neziqinile zesinyathelo ngasinye kweziyisishiyagalombili ezilandelayo zokukhiqiza.
Lesi sinyathelo sokuqala sihlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwephethini elahla ukushisa eyenziwe ngokujova i-wax esikhunjeni (i-metal die.)
Amaphethini we-wax ngokuvamile anesimo esifanayo esiyisisekelo sejiyomethri njengengxenye ehlosiwe eqediwe.Inqubo yomjovo we-wax yenza ama-burrs ephethinini futhi kuyadingeka ukuwasusa ngokucophelela.Ngisho nezinhlayiya ezincane ezicishe zingabonakali ezingezona ezokugcina ziyasuswa kule nqubo.
Ngemuva kokukhishwa, amaphethini we-wax, ngenqubo yokushisa, ahlanganiswe kumgijimi (owenziwe nge-alsowax) ukuze enze isihlahla sokuphonsa.
Izendlalelo ezilandelanayo zezinto ezikhethekile ze-slurry ceramic refractory zisebenza esihlahleni ngokulawulwa okuqinile kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama.
Lapho ungqimba lwe-ceramic selulungile futhi lomisiwe, sonke isihlahla sifakwa ohlelweni lwe-autoclave ukuze kukhishwe ingxenye enkulu yengcina ngomfutho we-steam ukuze kusale kuphela isikhunta segobolondo le-ceramic.Zonke izikhala ezigcwaliswe ngaphambilini nge-wax, manje azinalutho
Ukuze kuzuzwe amandla aphakeme emishini kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo, igobolondo libumba izihlahla ezingenalutho zifakwa esithandweni ekushiseni okuphezulu okungaba ngu-1,100 C. (2,000 F).
Ngemuva kwenqubo yokubala, isikhunta segobolondo se-ceramic sigcwaliswa ngokucophelela ngensimbi ewuketshezi, okuthi amandla adonsela phansi ageleze kuyo yonke isikhunta sangaphakathi, enze ama-workpieces aqinile, wonke ahlanganiswe ne-sprue.
Ama-workpieces ama-rough abe esenqunywa ku-tress, athole ukuqedwa okuqondile (ukugaya, ukuqondisa, ukwelashwa kokushisa, umshini, ukudweba, njll.), futhi, ngemva kwalokho, ukuya ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi yokugcina okuqinile ngaphambi kokupakishwa nokuthunyelwa kumthengi.
