Ujongo oluKhawulezayo kwiMiba yamva nje ye-China Foundry Magazine
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Iphephancwadi eliphuma kabini ngenyanga, i-China Foundry igxile kuphuhliso lwakutsha nje, itekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo kunye nempumelelo ephucukileyo yenzululwazi kwi-Foundry.Ibandakanya zonke itekhnoloji zokuphosa, kubandakanya uyilo lwenoveli yealloy, ulawulo lwenucleation kunye ne-microstructure, izixhobo zokubumba, kunye nothutho lwesinyithi-emanzi.I-China Foundry ifundwa ngokubanzi e-China nakwihlabathi jikelele.Nalu ujongo olukhawulezileyo kwamanye amagqabantshintshi ohlelo lwayo lwamva nje.Ininzi into efundwayo kulo mbandela.Eyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu yokufumana isiseko saseTshayina kukukhangela kuGoogle nakuYahoo.Emva koko, yiya kwiiwebhusayithi zabo kwaye ujonge iimveliso zabo eziphambili.Qinisekisa ukuba ukhangele izixhobo zabo kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola.Ukuba ungumthumeli ngaphandle, iiwebhusayithi zingumthombo olungileyo wolwazi.Ngaphandle koko, bakuvumela ukuba ukhangele isiseko esifanelekileyo esekwe kwiimveliso kunye neenkonzo zabo.Bakwabonisa ulwazi loqhagamshelwano onokulusebenzisa ukuqhagamshelana nabo ngokuthe ngqo.Iqela leenkampani zaseTshayina zinyusa amandla azo e-fab.U-Hua Hong uneempahla ezintathu ze-200mm kwaye unyusa i-300mm yelaphu.Uninzi lweempahla zabo zijolise kwiinkqubo ezivuthiweyo ezifunwa kakhulu.I-Shanghai Huali, kwelinye icala, ineengubo ezimbini eziya kuba ne-14nm ekwaziyo ukuphela kwalo nyaka.I-Huawei iceba ukwakha i-fab, kodwa ixesha alikacaci.I-China inomzi-mveliso okhulayo wokuvelisa.Iinkampani ezininzi, kubandakanya i-Intel, i-Qualcomm, kunye ne-TSMC, zivelisa iitshiphusi zezinye iinkampani, njenge-Intel kunye ne-Samsung.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi nkampani zisebenzisa iteknoloji yenkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi "i-node," echaza imithetho ethile yoyilo elawula inkqubo.Ngaphantsi kwe-28nm logic node, iibhloko zokwakha eziphambili ziitransistors ezicwangcisiweyo kunye ne-finFETs.Ushishino lwaseTshayina lwahlulwe lwaba ziinkampani zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka i-TSMC kunye ne-Powerchip.Urhulumente uye wamkela ishishini ngemimiselo nemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo.Okwangoku, imisebenzi yerhafu ayisebenzi kwiimveliso ezimiselwe ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwakhona.Ngelixa imiba yokusingqongileyo ingengomba ungxamisekileyo eTshayina okwangoku, iya isiba njalo.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela inzuzo yoshishino lwaseTshayina ngaphambi kokwenza naziphi na izigqibo zotyalo-mali.Oku kulandelayo kukujongwa ngokukhawuleza kwezinye zeenzuzo zokusebenza e-China.Urhulumente waseTshayina utyala imali eninzi kwishishini lakhe le-semiconductor.Kutshanje ibhengeze ukuba iya kuxhasa kuphela kwaye iinkampani ezifanelekileyo, kubandakanya nezo zimbini zinkulu.I-SMIC yenye inkampani enjalo.Le nkampani sele inyuse imveliso yayo.Nangona kunjalo, ikamva lijongeka limfiliba kwi-SMIC njengoko iminyaka emine ukuya kwemihlanu isemva kwe-TSMC kubuchwephesha.De urhulumente waseTshayina athathe amanyathelo okujongana nale nkxalabo, uya kuhlala ekhuphisana kakhulu kwishishini.Ngokwembali, i-China inoluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwezixhobo ezisisiseko kunye nobuchule.Esona sakhiwo sisesona sikhulu sobhedu sembiwa kumantla eTshayina phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20.Isiza sinobungqina benkqubo yokwenziwa ephucukileyo, kubandakanywa ukhutshelo lwepateni yeceramic kunye nemifuziselo yodongwe ephinde yasetyenziswa.Ikwabonisa ukwahlulwa kwabasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi abakhethekileyo.Ngaphezu koko, sisizwe kuphela emhlabeni esinezixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo.Utyalo-mali lwezixhobo ezinkulu lukhula ngokuthe ngcembe ukusukela ngo-1980.
